Stone channeling bit



March 19, 1935. w. n. GRAY El AL STONE CHANNELING BIT Filed Dec. 2'7,1933 4 Sheets-Shet INVENTORS M'Z/z'amD. Gray BY flazzk [Graham ATTORNEY.

March 19, 1935. w. b. GRAY ET AL 1,995,062

STONE CHANNELING BIT 4 Shee ts-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 27, 1933 INVENTORS MATTORNEY.

March 19, 1935. w GRAY r AL :5 1,995,062

' STONE CHANNELING BIT.

Filed Dec. 27" 1935" 4 Sheets-Sheet- 3' IN VENTORS BY fhmfflGra/zam MATTORNEY.

Marcb19,'1935. D AY A 1,995,062

- STONE CHANNELING BIT Filed Dec. 27, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 i? "A. WEwm&\\\\\\\\\ Patented Mar. 19, 1935 F. Graham, Cardiif, Md, assignors toPeyton du Pont, Incorporated, a corporation of Dela- I ApplicationDecember 27, 1933, serial No.- 704,070

19 Claims. (c .'2cz ss) Our present invention relates to improvements instone channeling bits which are employed in quarries to cut blocks ofmarble or other stories.

Marble deposits usually occur in regions where 5, great folding andcontortion of the rock has taken place as a result of tremendousgeological forces, which are ultimately locked within the marble bed;innumerous instances the beds are separated by. open fissures. Theseconditions present many difficult problems which must be overcome beforeblocks of marble can be profitably removed from the quarry beds.

Among the difficult problems which have not been successfully solvedprior to our invention "was the manner of channeling marble. Inremoving. marble from the bed of a quarry, a channeling machinemountedto rollon a track is employed and consists primarily of a rodreciprocated by a suitable piston. Secured to this piston rod, in theprior construction, are a plurality of long, slender channeling bits orbars and 'because of their length, these bars are made of ordinary steelin order that their cost .would not be prohibitive. As a consequence,these bits,

after having been in operation for a short time, become blunt andactually do not cut themarblei but rather batter and sever themarblefrom the bed by fracturing thersame. This battering of the marbleproduces strains therein whichrelease.

internal forces suddenly, causing seams to open, especially in marble ofadelicate nature.

The channeling bits or bars are firmly secured at their upper ends tothe piston rod, but at their lower ends are unsupported because anyclamp I therefor would necessarily be wider than the width of the bitsand hence could not pass into the channel; cut by them. Because f thelack of supportfor the individual bits there is some deflection betweenthem which often is as great A as four inches, depending upon thedepthof thecut or the length of the bits.- The blocks of marble thus quarriedhave-side faces which1are irregular, and after being removed from thequarry bed the blocks must be cut square in order to be salable. 1 Thisincreases the cost of production and results in a loss of marble.

These disadvantages of the individual bar bits of past practice areobviated by our present invention, and accordingly this forms theprincipal object of this invention. g 7

Among the more specific objects of our invention is that of providing astone channeling tool including a shank having a cutter head formed atone end thereof, a cutter block detachably secured to said head andhaving a plurality of grooves crossing its outerend, acutter removablyseated in each groove and means for locking the cutters in theirrespective grooves of the cutter block.

Other objects reside in the novel construction of the individualparts-and in'their novel relation with one another to produce ourimproved channelingtool, as set forth in the, specification."

In the. drawings which accompany scription of our invention Figure lisasideelevationofour improved stone channeling machine,

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the lower end of the channeler showninaFigure 1, I 1

.Figure 3 is a sectional View 'takenon the line 3-3 of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a perspective View of the cutter block and cutters which wehave devised for use in our invention, I

Figure-5 is a perspective View of that part of our improvement shown inFigure 2,

Figure 6 is a perspective view of one of the cutters, t 1. e Figure'Zisa perspective view of another of the cutters used in our improvedchanneler,

of Figure 3, and Figure 9 is a sectional invention.

' In carrying V 120 Figure 8 is a sectional view? taken on line 88 viewsimilar to Figure 8, showing a modification of certain features of ourout the objectsof this invention,- we utilize a channeling machine roofthe well known Electriceair type and, in actual practice,

subjectedour improved channeler to severe tests under .alloperatingconditions. The channeling machine includes a frame ll which issupported on rails 12 by the flanged wheels 13.: The rails rest upon thefloor 1401" a quarry and serve as" runways for'the channeling machine asit moves back and forth on the rails during operation. Our novelchanneling bit 15 is firmly secured at 16 to the piston rod 17 which isre'ciprocatdby thepistoh 13 of the motor 19, all of which parts.

are carried by the channeling machine 10.

'Our novel channeling bit or tool 15 is 0011-,

structed in the following manner, and the numerous tests which have beenconducted have proven conclusively that when a channeling bit isfashioned after our inventionflthe difficult problems encountered inquarrying marble or other stone with similar tools of the prior construction arecvercome in a very eflicient and positive manner. Insteadof, the long, slender bars of past practice, we employ a solid slab-likeshank 20 which is preferably made of ordinary steel in order that thecost thereof maynot be excessive. At its oneend, the shank 20 is adaptedto beattached to the operating mechanism of the channeling machine 10,while at,its opposite end, the shank is provided with'a somewhatenlarged head head 21 is to weld; it to theshank 2 0 as at 22, and inthis manner a steel of stock size can be utilized for the shank. Ofcourse, if found desirable; the

' 21. A verygood methodgof forming this enlarged i shank and the head 21may be cast or forged as an integral structure.

To the outer or lower endof the head 21 we detachably securea cutterblock 23 which carries a plurality of cutter teeth such as 24, 25, 26,27 and 28. These cutter teeth are in a novel relation with the cutterblock 23, as will be described subsequently. Extending upwardly from thetop face 29, the cutter block 23 is provided with a key 30 which extendsbetween and parallel to the side faces 31 and 32 of the cutter block.The key 30 fits snugly into a key way. 33 of the head 21 and in thismanner relative lateral movement between these two members iseffectively prevented. Tapped holes such as 34 are provided in the block23 and each receives a stud 35 which is threaded thereinto and having athreaded portion 36 extending upwardly beyond the top face 20.

A look washer 37 may be employed under each stud 35 to insure firmengagement between the threaded'portions of each hole 34 and stud 35.Each threaded portion 36 passes freely through a hole such as 70 of thehead 21 and each stud extends into an aperture 38 out between the sidefaces 39, 40 of the head 21. These apertures are spaced apart, therebyaffording a heavy section of metal at 4l,'which together with the endsections 42, 43' issufficient to produce the desired rigidity andstrength between the upper and lower edges of the head 21. A pair ofthreaded members, such as the nuts 44, engage the threaded portions 36of each stud 35 and in this manner firmly join the head 21 and thecutter block 23. The particular means for detachably securing the block23 to the head 21 has proven in actual service to be highly eflicientand durable. I

As stated hereinbefore, the relation between the cutters and the block23 is a novel-one, and

will-now be described in detail. At the lower end thereof, the cutterblock 23 when considered in cross section is somewhat V shaped, the apexof which is well rounded as at 45. Crossing such lower end,'are.thespaced channels or grooves 46, one for each cutter, and extending fromside face to side'face of the cutter block. The base 47 of each as theyextend downwardly from the base 4'1.

Each cutter is fitted snugly into its respective groove 46 and thesecutters are preferably of a size such that their end faces 50, 51 extendbeyond the side faces 31, 32 respectively. ofthe block 23, inorder thatthe channel as cut will be slightly larger than the width of the head 21and the block 23. Shoulders such as 52, 53 extendoutwardly from the sidefaces 31, 32, respectively and form an extended seat of the base 47 forthe upper face 54 of each cutter. To insure perfect seating of eachcutter in its respective groove, the upper face 54 of each cutter ischamfered or beveled as at 55, 56.

} Drilled between the rounded ends 57, 58 of the block 23 is, along bore59, the center of which is approximately on the plane of the base 47 ofthe grooves 46. Each cutter, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 has a small portionof its upper face 54 recessed as at 60 slightly beyond the limits of thebore 59. After each cutter is positioned properly in its respectivegroove, a rod or pin 61 is passed from one round 1 end of the block 23to the other end thereof. Thus the recessed portion of each cutter isengaged by the pin 61 to prevent endwise movement, while the cooperatingtapered portions of each cutter and. groove prevent their upwardmovement. Each end of'the pin 61 may be peened over, at

62, to prevent movement thereof, or, as shown in Figure 9, the pin 63may float within the bore 64, and screw plugs 65 used to maintain thepin in its proper locking position.

It will be observed from Figure 2 that the cutters 24, 26 and 28 eachhave a cutting edge 66 which extends substantially at right angles tothe side faces 31, 32 while the cutters 25 and 27 each have a cuttingedge 67 which is oblique thereto. Inthis manner, the cutters 24, 26 and28 make small triangular shaped cuts as the channeling machine 10 rollson the tracks 12, while the oblique cutters 25 and 27,'which areinterposed between the first group of cutters, act as scavengers andbreak the small triangular shaped sections of uncut marble between thetriangular cuts. We have found that in order to produce cutters whichwill have a uniform life, the central cutter 26 should extend downwardlya slight distance below the cutting edges of the remaining cutters, andalso that each cutter 25, 27 be slightly below the end cutters 24, 28.By this construction, a more uniform distribution of the blow of thepiston 18 if effected. Also, since the end cutters 24, 28 each make thepreliminary cut on the shoulder of marble left'by the preceding out,- weform these cutters in a novel manner. The tapered side of each cutter24, 28 adjacent the respective rounded end of the block 23 is extendeddownwardly closer to the plane of the cutting edge 66 than the oppositetapered side, and in this manner reinforces that portion of the cutters24, 28 which receives the maximum wear.

In operating the improved channeling tool 0 our invention, it will befound that the air pressure on the piston 18 can be materially reduced,as demonstrated in actual quarry use, and that the rate of channelingwill be doubled in many instances as compared with the previous methodin. which the long, slender-bars were employed.

In the use of these bar bits of past practice, resharpem'ng is necessaryafter about three hours of channeling; while in our constructions, theshort cutters, since they can be made of high grade steel withoutincurring great expenditure of money, will channel marble forapproximately fifteen hours before any signs of dullness. By

the use of a solid shank and the short, stub cutters, deflection ofthe'channeling tool is prevented and the marble blocks as quarried willhave perfectly straight side faces. g 1

When these stub cutters become dull, the op-'- erator can easily detachthe block 23 from the head 21, apply another head with its complement ofcutters and then continue the channeling operation. The dull cutters canbe resharpened or a new set of cutters readily substituted.

To those familiarwith the problems involved separated grooves, saidcutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, andmeans for locking said cutters in their respective grooves.

2. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank'and acutter head formed at-one end of the shank, a cutter block detachablysecured to said head, said cutter block having substantiallyparallelside faces and a pluralityof separated grooves crossing its outer endtransversely of said side faces, a cutter removably seated in each ofsaid separated grooves, said cutters being spaced apart fromeach otherthroughout their length, and means for locking said cutters in theirrespective grooves of said cutter block.

3. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and acutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachablysecured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallelside faces, end faces and an outer end portion, said outer portionhaving a plurality of separated grooves extending from one side face-tothe other side face, a cutter removably seated in each of said separatedgrooves and having a cutting edge at least equal to the distance betweensaid parallel side faces, said cutters being spaced apart from eachother throughout'their length, and means for locking said cutters intheir respective grooves of said cutter block.

4. The combination in a-stone channeling tool including a shank and acutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachablysecured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallelside faces, end faces and an' outer endportion, said outer portionhaving a plurality of separated groovesextending from one side face tothe other side'face, a cutter removably seated in each of said separatedgrooves and having a cutting'edge at least equal to the distancebetween-said parallel side faces, said cutters being spaced apart fromeach other throughout their length, and means for locking saidcutters intheir respectivegrooves of said cutter block, said means including apinextending'into said block from one end toward the .otheren'd' thereofand engaging each cutter. V

.5; The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and acutter head formed at one end of said shank, a'cutter block detachablysecured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallelside faces, end faces and an outer portion, said outer portion having aplurality of separated grooves extending fromone side face to the otherside face, the opposite sidewalls ofeach groove taperinginwardly fromthe base thereof, a cutter removably seated in each'of said separatedgrooves and having corresponding portions which contact the base andtapering sidewalls of each groove, saidcutters being spaced apart fromeach other throughout their length, the cutting edge of each cutterbeing at least equal to the distance between said parallel side faces,and means for lockingsaid cutters in their respective groovesof saidcutter block.

6. The combination in a stone channelingtool including a shank and acutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detach whichseats against the. base of its respective: groove, such cutting edge andface extending outwardly beyond the parallel side faces of said block, ashoulder formed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of eachgroove and fforming, an extended seat for theface of the'cutter in suchgroove, and means for locking said cutters in their respective groovesof said cutter block.

7. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and acutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachablysecured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallelside faces, end faces and an outer portion, said outer portionhaving aplurality of grooves extending from one side face to the'other sideface, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardly from thebase thereof, a cutter removably seated in each groove and having sidefaces which contact the tapering sidewalls of each groove, each cutterbeing provided with a cutting, edge and a face which seats against thebase of its respective groove, such cutting edge and face extendingoutwardly beyond the parallel side faces -ofsaid block, a shoulderformed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of each grooveand'forming an extended seat for the'face of the cutter in such groove,and means for lockingsaid cutters in their respectivegrooves of saidcutter block, said means including a pin extending into said block fromone end toward the other endthereof and engaging each cutter.

8. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and acutter-head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachablysecured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallelside faces, end faces, and an outer portion, said outer portion having aplurality of grooves extending from one side face to the other sideface, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardly from thebase thereof,

a cutter removably seated in eachgroove-and having'a cuttingedge whichextends at rightangles to thesubstantially-parallel sidefaces,"

there being at least one cutter interposed between the last namedcutters having acutting edge extending obliquely of thesubstantially-parallelend faces, and means for locking saidcutters intheir respective grooves of saidcutter block.'

9. A stone channeling-tool including a cutter block having substantiallyparallel-side faces, end

faces and an outer portion provided with a plu-" rality of separatedgrooves extending from one side faceto the other side face, a cutterremov ably seated in -each of said separated grooves, said cutters beingspaced apart from 'e'ach other throughout their length and means for;locking said cutters in their respective grooves of'said cutter block,said means including a pin "extends ing from one end face toward theother-end face and engaging each cutter. i 10. A stone channeling toolincluding acutter block having substantially parallel sidefaces, end

faces and an outer portion provided with a plurality of separatedgrooves extending from one side face to the other side face, a cutterremovably seated in each of said separated grooves and having'a cuttingedge at least equal to thedistance between said parallel sidefaces,,said cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout theirlength, and means for locking said cutters in their respective groovesof said cutter block.

11.. Astone channeling tool including a cutter block havingsubstantially parallelside' faces, end faces and an outer portionprovided with a plurality of separated grooves extending from one sideface to the other side face, .a cutter removably seated in each of saidseparated grooves and having a cutting edge at least equal to thedistance between saidparallel sideufaces, said outters being spacedapartfrom each other throughout theirlength, and meansfor locking saidcutters in their respective grooves of said cutter block, said meansincluding a pin extending into saidblock from one end toward the otherend thereof and engaging each cutter. l

12; A stone channeling tool including a cutter block havingsubstantially parallel side faces, end faces and an outer portionprovided with a'plurality of grooves extending from'one side face to theother side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardlyfrom the base thereof, a cutter removablyseated in each groove andhavingside faces which contact the tapering sidewalls of each groove,eachcutter being pro- 13. A stone channeling 'tool includin g a cutterblockhaving substantiallyparallel side faces, end faces and an outerportion provided with a plurality of grooves extending from one sideface to the other side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groovetapering inwardly from the base thereof, a cutter removably seated ineach groove and having side faces which contact the tapering sidewallsof each groove, each cutter being provided with a cutting edge and aface which seats against the,

base of its respective groove, such cutting edge and face extendingoutwardly beyond the parallel side faces of said block, a shoulderformed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of each groove andforming an extended seat for the face of the cutter in such groove, andmeans for locking said cutters in their respective grooves ofsaidocutter block, saidmeans including a pin extending into said blockfrom one end toward the other-end thereof and engaging each cutter.

14. A stone channeling tool including a cutter block havingsubstantially parallel side faces, end faces, and an outer portionprovided with a plurality of grooves extending from one side face to theother side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardlyfrom the base thereof, a cutter removably seated in each groove andhaving side faces which contact the tapering sidewalls of each groove,eachcutter being provided witha cutting edge and a face which seatsagainst the base of its respective groove, such cutting edgeeand faceextending outwardly beyond the parallel side faces of said block, ashoulder formed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of eachgroove and forming an extended seat for,

the face of the cutter in such groove, each cutter adjacent an end faceof said cutter block having a cutting edge which extends at right anglesto the substantially parallel side faces, there being, at least i onecutter interposed between the last named cutters having a cutting edgeextending obliquely of the substantially parallel side faces, and meansfor locking said cutters in their respective-grooves of said cutterblock.

15. A cutter block for a stone channeling tool having substantiallyparallel side faces, end faces, and an outer portion provided with aplurality of spaced grooves extending from one side face to the otherside face, the base of each groove lying in substantially the sameplane, said cutter block being provided with a drilled hole extendingfrom one end face toward the other'end face and having its axis lyingbetween the side faces on the plane of the bases of said grooves.

16., A cutter block for a stone channeling tool having substantiallyparallel side faces,-end faces, and an outer portion provided with aplurality of spaced grooves extending from one side face to the otherside face, the base of each groove lying in substantially the same planeand the sidewalls thereof tapering inwardlyfrom said base, said cutterblock being provided with a drilled hole extending from one .end facetoward the other end face and having its axis lying between the sidefaces on the plane of the bases of said grooves.

17. .A cutter for a stone channeling tool including an upper surface,end faces and sidewalls which taper inwardly from said upper surface,and a cutting edge extending between the side faces and remote, fromsaid upper surface, said cutting edge beinghformed by the intersectionof a pair of -planes extending inwardly from said tapering sidewalls ata point remote from said upper surfafle, the upper surface beingprovided with a recess which extends between the tapering sidewalls;

18., A cutter for a stone channeling tool including an. upper surface,end faces and sidewalls which taper inwardly from said upper surface,and a cutting edge extending between the side faces and remote from saidupper surface, said cutting edge being formed by the intersection of apair of planes extending inwardly from said tapering sidewalls at apoint remote from said upper surface, one tapering sidewall extendingcloser to said cutting edge than the other sidewall, theupper surfacebeing provided with a recess which extends between the taperingsidewalls.

19. A cutter for a stone channeling tool including an upper surface, endfaces and sidewalls which taper inwardly from said upper surface, and acutting edge extending obliquely between the side faces and remote fromsaid upper surface, said cutting edge being formed by the intersectionof a pair of planes extending inwardly from said tapering sidewalls at apoint remote from said upper surface, the upper surface being providedwith a recess, which extends between the tapering sidewalls.

7 WILLIAM D. GRAY.

FRANK F. GRAHAM.

